Chinas Educational System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinas Educational System - Essay Example In an age where globalization is taking place, one cannot afford to be left behind. Investing to the youth as they are the future leaders is the starting point. Surely, China realizes the importance of education. It is a nation rich in cultures and traditions. It is also one of the richest countries in the world. Through education, they have found the right solutions to mix their heritage and the demand for staying competitive against their neighboring countries. However, the changes did not happen overnight. Throughout the course of its history, China experienced a lot of transitions in leadership and form of government. The results affected different aspects in their society including the educational system. At present, China's education caters to almost 25% of the world's students. Even if it has the largest educational system, China is still finding ways to enhance the quality of education by continuously revising the curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to trace the historical development of China's educational system. It will primarily focus on the significant changes that have shaped the course of the system over time. Many historians recorded that formal schooling in China started way back during the Xia Dynasty (16th century B.C.). However, the type of educational system, also called Imperial education, was observed until the late 17th century. The concentration of the learning system is only for the rich and elite members of the society. These people are trained and prepared to be China's government officials. The subjects are all centered based on the "Six Arts" connected to their culture: Riding Chariots, Music, Arts, Archery, Math, History and Rites. They are also taught to excel in ancient written and spoken Chinese language. During Spring, Autumn and Warring State times, teachings of Confucianism is integrated in their studies. Students learn concepts on governance and citizenry, and codes for personal conduct (China Education Center). Confucianism has a great effect on the lives of Chinese people at that time. Their standards of living are guided by the codes set forth in the instructions within in this religion. The ultimate goal is to become a gentleman, one who does what is good, noble and just. However not everyone can be a gentleman. It was restricted to the upper class. A gentleman has the power to impose Chinese cultures and make rules for the society (China Education Center). Thus, money has power. The imperial government also established civil service examination to determine those who are qualified to be imperial officials. These tests contain open ended questions that would test the student's knowledge on Confucian teachings (Surowski 2003). For more than a thousand years the civil service exam is the only way to get a government position for the elite class. Since education favored only those who can afford it, illiteracy rate in China went up to about 80%. The underprivileged are forced to work in different areas at a very young age. Society was governed by highly educated rich people and a growing number of uneducated mass (Net Industries 2008). The 18th century At the turn of the next century, China made important technological advances like gun powder, compass and paper. The Chinese people felt that they already had

Compare & Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern liberalism Essay

Compare & Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern liberalism - Essay Example In this discussion of the idea of liberty it must be understood, then that the Constitution is a contractual tradition that is used in order to define how liberty can be expressed, which might be considered a contradiction. However, when examining the Constitution, it is based on defining how each person cannot impede the will on another and what constitutes an infringement that has surpassed the rights of the individual and imposes on the next. It is a difficult and sometimes indistinct structure of what impedes the individual to express their freedom and what is the imposition of the individual of another to express their won liberty. Conservatism traditionally means that there is an adherence to morality that is founded in a respect for authority. A conservative wanted to maintain the status quo with a rejection of things that were either modern or secular (PPT Classical Conservatism 1). Current conservative beliefs are at their core not much different than this with the resistance to science and to secularized governmental separation. The current conservatives seem to desire to assert morality as an absolute over the beliefs of all people rather than allowing for the differences that emerge in a diverse society. One tenet of classical conservatism that seems to have changed is the idea that society is in need of restraints (PPT Classical Conservatism 2).... Where classical conservatism once believed that human nature was essential wicked and needed to be held to a high morality, contemporary conservatism believes that there should be less government. The government should remain out of the business of creating regulatory constraints on behavior because the economic system will naturally weed out what is and is not appropriate for society. Free enterprise should be specifically free in order to gain its goals without having to comply with rules that govern its morality. Change is also resisted by conservatives both classical and contemporary. In resisting change, the status of the current society is maintained and the theory that if something is not broken it should not be tampered with is in full swing for conservatives (Guide 41). The belief that the moral high ground is established by the continuation of a system in which some are benefited, usually those that are conservative, is the foundation for the resistance that exists in the c onservative political belief system. The system that emerges over time will tend to favor the elite of a society because for a time it will go unchecked as it continues to have the appearance of working. An example is the deregulation of the mortgage system that was well predicted to be a bad idea, but in the end the system broke rather than being changed to be more effective. The reason for this is that it was making money. When it comes down to it, the ‘morality’ of a system and the resistance to change comes from a belief that as long as it can be exploited it should not change. In contrast to the belief that morality should be imposed and that constraints on human nature

Examining Of The Book Of Philemon Religion Essay

Examining Of The Book Of Philemon Religion Essay -The book of Philemon is about a personal appeal to a prosperous Christian slave owner to receive his slave back as a brother in Christ. The first clear example of slavery is in Exodus 1:13 where the Israelites were made to work ruthlessly as slaves and their cry for rescue came up to God in Exodus 2:23-24. The kind of slavery the Israelites were subjected to in Egypt was clearly unacceptable to God, judging by their rescue and the regulations regarding slavery in the Mosaic Law. Meager (2006) The Mosaic Law was very clear on slavery. An Israelite could not enslave another Israelite. Also anyone who became a slave by making a pact or entering into an arrangement with another Israelite was to be treated without harshness and freed in the year of Jubilee. However, a foreigner may be held as a permanent, non-Israelite slave and may be treated harshly. (Leviticus 25:25-55) Philemon was written during one of Pauls imprisonments around A.D. 60-61 during a time when slavery was acceptable from a financial and community standpoint in the Roman world. Slaves were seen as their masters property and they had no rights. However, the experience of slaves varied depending on their master and the work assigned to them. Some slaves were made to work hard and could be disciplined ruthlessly for minor mistakes, while others placed in large villas could have little work to do and were well looked after. Meager (2006) The Bible does not condemn slavery, nor did Paul. The Christian church simply views the relationship between master and slave in a different light. They saw them as both equal before God and both accountable for their behavior. The master was no longer over the slave but in a place of equality within the church. God sees us without status and His grace transforms us into a worthy individual in society. This does not mean a slave was to go free either, but to honor Christ in the service that he was doing for his master. Paul addresses Philemon as a friend and one who does the work of Christ. Paul lifts up Philemon about the work he has been doing with the church. He takes a bold approach because he knows Philemons character. Paul asks for Philemon to receive Onesimus back as he would Paul into his home. He asks this of Philemon based on Pauls love for Onesimus and Philemons love for Paul. Love is the motivation. Paul has taken on the role of father, just as God desires to take on that same father-child relationship with us. The status of the slave as a Christian based on the information so far gives us an identity crisis to a certain extent. Who are we once we accept Jesus into our lives? Are we still a slave? The word slaves is the rendering of a Greek word meaning bodies. The Hebrew and Greek words for slave are usually rendered simply servant, bondman, and bondservant. (Dictionary.com) If we point out a relationship between slave and servant we can say that we are the first of those in the flesh and the other in Christ. The slave is the old status and the servant is the new place within the body of Christ. Philemon has already experienced this transformation due to Pauls leading him into salvation. The fact that Paul also led Onesimus to this place is why he can come to Philemon in this manner. It is Pauls desire for there to be reconciliation between Philemon and Onesimus; the slave owner and the slave. Paul is assured that through this letter he will be able to convince Philemon to do what is right. He believes that Philemons faith and love in Christ will help him re-establish a new found relationship with Onesimus. This is where the identity crisis for the slave owner comes in. How does he treat others, or the slave, in order to be effective in his faith? God has done so much for Philemon to bring him to place of status within the church. Because Philemon has shared the gospel with others he has been effective in his ministry. Now that Paul has converted Onesimus he desires to keep the relationship with him. But he wants Philemons consent to utilize this new brother in Christ for the ministry. Onesimus became profitable to Paul at the time of his conversion; living up to the meaning of his name. Paul appeals to Philemon based on the service he himself has done within the ministry. Paul does not force the deed, but is hopeful that he will agree to the service of his own volition. To truly be a follower of Jesus you are to be humble; offering yourself in the spirit of submission, trusting and teachable; willing to learn. In Luke 22:25-27 Jesus shares with His disciples that the greatest is the servant of all. Service is to be done without expecting reward. There seems to be a deliberate outside influence in the slaves departure from Rome. God used the situation for His purpose. Onesimus wrong doing towards Philemon lead him to Paul and his salvation. The slave is forgiven and brought into the family of Christ. We all fall short in our daily lives and it is our sin that brings us to a place with Christ that allows us to be saved. Paul lays a foundation for the elimination of slavery. He is asking Philemon to receive Onesimus back, not as a slave but as a beloved brother. If a slave owner and slave come together as brothers in Christ then their relationship would be a true transformation. Paul promises restitution towards Philemon. Anything that Onesimus might have stolen from Philemon will be given back to him. He suggests to Philemon to charge the debt to my account. Paul will pay the price for his child. God gave His son, a man without sin, to pay the price. When we become a Christian Jesus takes on that debt. We charge everything to His account. His death and resurrection are how He showed us that He loved us. The ultimate price was paid for our freedom. This letter is a demonstration of the power of Christ to bring healing to those that are broken. It is also a personal reunion between Philemon and Onesimus arranged by Paul. Comparable to their reunion is that of Christ and the runaway sinner. It portrays a restoration of two followers who were earlier separated. It is only with Christs example of forgiveness that we are able to overcome mistakes and be reconciled to our brothers and sisters. Pauls character is that of love, wisdom, gentleness, and above all Christian and human maturity. Guzik (2007) He starts his plea to Philemon by having a letter delivered by Onesimus himself. And in that letter he asks Philemon to change his heart towards the man who was once a slave and is now a brother in Christ. Philemon reads this document from Paul as the runaway slave stands in his presence. Paul indicates his confidence in verse 21 that Philemon will not only obey but go beyond simple obedience.

The Making and Unmaking of the Haya Lived World: Consumption, Commoditization, and Everyday Practice. :: Haya Humanity Essays

The Making and Unmaking of the Haya Lived World: Consumption, Commoditization, and Everyday Practice In relation to the Haya of Northwest Tanzania, Brad Weiss constructs a model of coeval symmetry in which people engage in making the world around them but also engage in making themselves (4). His ethnographic analysis illustrates how relationships with commodities contribute to the constitution and reconfiguration of the Haya sociocultural world. Drawing from the phenomenological work of Merleau-Ponty, Weiss constructs the Haya lived world in terms of inhabiting both social space and time in an effort to show the relevance of this conception of the world to both the anthropology of the body and understanding sociocultural practice in general (5-6). Weiss not only argues that commodities like food or land have social value but that they "can be understood as personifications (e.g. as extensions or embodiments) of those who give and receive them" (13). Part 1 focuses on the household production, provision, and consumption of food, which Weiss states is essential to making the lived world of the Haya. The cultural values regarding interiority, exteriority, heat, and speed are discussed as modes by which the Haya mediate with the processes of consumption. Architectural descriptions of different Haya homes are oriented to the ways in which division, enclosure, and exclusion shape the Haya habitus. Spatial configurations of social relations become embedded in Haya house opening rites, which serve to protect the house against potential conflict with guests (38). The hearth is central to the household, both literally (spatially) and metaphorically, in terms of the social relations which rest on it. Weiss relates the consumption of different kinds of banana beer and banana gin to both the temporal nature of banana cultivation and of beverage production and consumption. Hearth-ripened bananas involve a slower process but the resulting beer (olibisi) is considered superior (taste, ascetics) to that beer produced from the pit (olutala)-ripened method, a faster and more lucrative process. Banana gin (enkonyagi), having a much higher alcohol content, commands a higher market price but is associated with "the desire for money and its deleterious consequences" (61). Not only is the banana-ripening process faster for the gin, but also patrons get drunk more quickly while rapidly losing their pocket money. Weiss suggests that the Haya associate the rapid speed of such product turnover with animosity and illness, while the hearth is more revered for both its placement in the home and its more withdrawn stance from the world of quick monetized exchange.

Historical Events Since 1945 Essay

The formation of the United Nations (1945) Kegley (2007) mentions that the failure of the League of Nations, brought about the creation of the United Nations in 1945. Following the planning of the American, British and Soviet allies for a new international organization to maintain peace and security, the United Nations came into existence on 24 October 1945. Today, the United Nations has many departments that deal with vast global issues mainly humanitarian, economic and social. The creation of the United Nations has also brought the birth of other organizations such as the European Union in 1993 and the World Trade organization in 1995. Internationally, the living standards of many have positively changed since the founding of the United Nations The creation of the declaration of Human Rights (1948) According to Hass (2008), the second charter of the United Nations after peace promotions is human rights. ( Vandersluis and Yerous in Kegley 2007, p. 220) state that â€Å" the universalist claim, that all human beings have the same moral status; to accept universal human rights the moral demand to respect the life, integrity, well-being and flourishing of all human beings†. This was the general idea when the declaration of human rights was created. Violence, racial and gender discrimination, child abuse, religion and immigration laws are now governed by these laws. This has encouraged peace and development across the globe. The introduction of oral contraception (1958) Oral contraception is a means of preventing unwanted pregnancies through the ingesting of the pill. The pill was first introduced in the United States as an alternative to minimize infant mortality and enforce women rights with issues concerning child birth. Prior to the use of the oral pill, women used to go to extreme measure to exercise birth control. Women used to nurse their children for two to three years. This would suppress ovulation protecting them from pregnancy. Another natural method is coitus reservatus or withholding ejaculation† Elder (n. d). This development is a safer, efficient and reliable method for women today. Other methods of contraception where then introduced to suit different women across the world. The Entebbe Raid (1976) This eve nt occurred when Air France departed from Paris to Athens bound to Israel was hijacked by seven Palestinians and diverted to Entebbe airport in Uganda. Haas (2008) reports that there were Jewish and Israeli passengers on board. The battle on the airfield was a result of the fear of a massacre portrayed by the hijackers. Ugandan soldiers and a small number of hostages were killed. This event marked the beginning of air flight hijackings. In 2001, the Americans were attacked by the Taliban in a similar manner and many perished. Due to such an event, strict rules and regulations for passengers have been enforced globally to ensure the safety of the innocent. The Bhopal industrial accident (1984) The Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India experienced the worst industrial accident in history. A leakage of forty tons of chemicals resulted in the death of over seven thousand and two hundred thousand injuries according to Haas (2008). This was a wakeup call for many industrial plants to exercise extreme caution. Codes of conduct in the workplace are of major importance today. Companies are now required to ensure that health and safety procedures are implemented. Environmental awareness is also a major topic of discussion as this accident had an impact on the environment.

Comparing and contrasting theories of object recognition

Object recognition is one of the most essential elements for the survival of all living creatures. Object recognition is considered the determination of the implication of a certain object. Object recognition is imperative given that humans and other living creatures manage to respond to the imperative features of the presented object. Assuming that present information concerning an object appears in two dimensions within the eye retina, there are many possibilities of confusing the same object with another thus substantiating visual recognition.However objects are not colour coded or labelled for us. Many objects look similar and do not contain one identifying mark or viewed in identical conditions. So why do humans have an extraordinary ability to identify a certain object regardless of its disparity in appearance. Additionally, humans can manage to take a broad view through observation of collections of objects that are not familiar. These objects are often identified from differe nt views, vantage points, sizes and locations. Objects can also be distinguished in cases where they have been partly blocked from view.Various object recognition conjectures present the subject through utilization of different perspectives thus, bringing a clear distinction to understand object recognition. In accordance to Marr and Nishihara, objects ought to be presented within the reference frame implying that it should be founded on the shape it attains. In order to describe an object based on its shape, canonical coordinate frames need to be established prior to the establishment of the form description. The appropriate collection of expressive rudiments for describing a shape is reliant on the degree of features that the shape description encapsulates.Marr and Nishihara proposed that a modular orderliness of shapes with dissimilar sizes be utilized in different degrees. This enables a portrayal at an elevated level to be stable over modifications in well detailed although sen sitive to these modifications has to be present at other degrees. Marr and Nishihara limited their arguments to objects that can be portrayed as collections of one or many generalized cones. According to these theorists, generalized cones refer to surfaces generated by repositioning a cross-section of steady shape although with inconsistent magnitude in the length of an axis.These cones can become either thicker or thinner given that their shapes get conserved. Marr puts forward the idea that it is possible to decipher the shape of an object based on their occluding contours, defined as an objects silhouette. The final point of this theory is that all the points lie in the same plane from the viewer’s point of view. However this can be problematic as some objects produce the same silhouette. The viewer will then locate the axis or axes appropriate to identify the object The approach presented by the two theorists reflected on, the coordinate frame to be used, in working out t he setback of object constancy.They asserted that an object-centered coordinate frame served better place in addressing the setback than viewer-centered coordinate structure. This is because an object-centered frame is never affected by the position or vantage points. The approach a modular, hierarchical arrangement permits for the generalization and sensitivity by permitting dissimilar levels of content in the portrayals. Description procedure necessitates the hierarchical disintegration of objects into collections of articulated components that bear own axis and focal points with the primary axis.In accordance to the conjecture of object recognition, recognition transpires in three dissimilar levels. The levels are the single-model axis where the primary stage in the model is the recognition of the principal axis of the entity or item. The other level is the component axes where the axis of every small, articulated component of the presented object, gets identified. Finally, the 3 D prototype matches where a matchup between the display of the components and a stored 3D prototypical description is carried out in order to categorize a certain object.Even though, object comparisons appear to be rapider in cases where the principal axis of the presented object appears similar to the object that it is being evaluated alongside, no compelling information has been presented to prop up the psychological actuality of the Marr and Nishihara prototype. This idea is supported by Lawson and Humphreys (1996) study in which participants identified objects that had been rotated. However in patients where there had been damage to the right hemisphere they could recognise objects presented in a particular view but not when in an unusual view, Warrington and Taylor (1978).Images of objects with a vital component obscured or the central axis foreshortened as a result of rotation produced a similar result. Humphreys and Riddoch (1984) An alternative would be to consider viewpoint dependant theories which argue that a multi views approach takes account of the appearance of object from different viewpoints and recognition is viewpoint dependant as the time and accuracy of identification of objects would vary depending on decrepancies between percept and target views. However viewpoint dependant theories do not comply to one or more of the conditions for immediate viewpoint invariance.Some work has been carried out that analyses how views learned over experience (Tarr and Pinker, 1989). It is considered that Biederman theory was an extension of the offered theory by Marr and Nishihara with the present supposition that objects comprise of fundamental primitives, known as geons. This theory was worked out in order to take care of primal identification of objects. According to the conjecture, the visual object gets identified through the fitness of the stored object depiction with geon-based data offered by the visual object.Similar to Marr and Nishihara, Biederm an argues a particular aspect of viewpoint-invariant and suggests that objects are disintegrated into smaller components on the grounds of geometrical characteristics of occluding outlines in the image given that these components are embodied with regard to well-defined concavities on the outlines. These components are regarded geometric primitives otherwise known as geons or geometric ions. These comprise shapes such as cylinders and cones. These objects are embodied as structural portrayals founded on the geometric primitives.According to Biederman 36 geons to would be required to create descriptions of all frequently viewed objects. In accordance to the conjecture, the primitives are delineated by attributes such as curvilinearity, parallelism, cotermination, symmetry and collinearity. These properties are non-accidental implying that they are not variable, under alteration and concerning the vantage or viewpoints. In this approach, recognition progresses directly from the image attributes without the precise depiction of the three dimensional manifestation. This can be substantiated by experiments where line drawing of an object becomes blocked out.In a circumstance where adequate information for the geometric ions is recognised, the object is identified effortlessly than in circumstances where the geometric ions or primitives are blocked out. The conjecture presents an analysis concerning the determination of object geons. The preliminary step is edge extraction, which presents receptiveness to disparities in surface attributes, such as viewing a wheel straight on. Creation of an objects account independent of viewpoint is an essential criteria in both Marr and Nishihara and Biederman theories.However some researchers show that there may be inconsistancies with their findings. Buthoff and Edelman (1992) found that participant inability to recognise difficult objects even when presented in a novel viewpoint and should have allowed for an object centred des cription. This indicates that there may be a viewpoint- dependant recognition (Tarr 1995). Biederman presents similar opinion to Marr and Nishihara concerning the segmentation of visual image into geometric primitives or ions. The concave components of the object outline bear significance.However, the outlasting component to the conjecture occurs in determining the edge information that an object holds that is indispensable attributes of the outstanding invariant across divergent observation angles. Invariant properties for the edges include the curvature, collection of positions that are parallel, edges ending at similar positions and points collinear to each other. The conjecture asserts that geons of visual objects are generated from the invariant properties. Foster and Gilson put forward a simple model of object recognition as an alternative with two basic terms.One reflecting the object structure the other reflecting image based features. Together they predict performance that is view-point dependant. Identifying the the number of aspects tin an object is a simple structural component. However further investigation taking account of more complex objects need to be studied. Biederman theory envisions that all intricate forms are generated from uncomplicated geometrical components regarded as geons and that pattern identification include recognition of these elements.Contrary to Biederman, Marr and Nishihara, utilizes the concepts of visual processing regarded as the computational approach. This approach seeks to delineate or outline the stages involved in pulling out constructive three-dimensional (3D) data from two dimensional depictions or representations. Thus, Marr and Nishihara conjecture seems excessively intricate from the beginning since an assortment of sketch and models are engrossed. On the contrary, Biederman conjecture appears to enfold object recognition from the basic levels to the intricate levels.Additionally, the two conjectures appear es sentially dissimilar since Marr and Nishihara conjecture propose that humans recognize objects from their constituents and the contours of these components. These two theories may be considered top-down processing since the objects that is ultimately perceived and the human knowledge of the globe is utilized to recognise at the last part of the procedure. A viewpoint-independent conjecture fundamentally denotes that objects are psychologically depicted as 3D models, therefore, forecasting that these depictions ought to be uniformly available from any position of view.However, Biederman theory barely forecasts that these depictions are available from all view positions implying that two or more structural descriptions are necessitated in order to identify a certain object. Therefore, Biederman’s theory is divergent from the other conjecture since it proposes that when humans observe an object, they are capable of recognizing such an object having viewed analogous patterns in t he precedent. Biederman’s conjecture is founded upon the recognition of object attributes and utilizing these attributes to categorize object geons and their connections.Visual memory is utilized in determining whether the offered objects appear similar to the object that has been perceived. The two theories bear an inevitable relationship since they have a basis in Marr and Nishihara theory. Although, some disparities and similarities exist between the two, a relationship still exists since they are plausible conjectures concerning 3D objection identification. However, Marr and Nishihara conjecture seems more intricate than the Biederman’s theory bearing in contemplation the concepts utilized.

ADDIE Model of Instructional Design Research Paper Example

ADDIE Model of Instructional Design Research Paper Example ADDIE Model of Instructional Design Paper ADDIE Model of Instructional Design Paper The ADDIE model of instructional design is one of the oldest models used by instructors. Classical in nature, the model is widely considered as systematic and rigid, following a step by step process in designing an instructional strategy. A-D-D-I-E stands for the five stage process in instructional design, each of which builds up on the step prior to it. The steps are interrelated, making it necessary to strictly follow the order in developing an instructional design. The first stage in the ADDIE model is analysis. During this stage, instructors or program developers carefully evaluate the problem or the learning deficiency that the instructional design aims to address. It also identifies the goals and the objectives of the instructional program including the instructional needs of the audience compared to their existing knowledge. It also considers the learning environment as well as the environment of where the learning will be implemented or applied. All these factors are necessary and are highly important to be evaluated critically in order to develop an instructional program that would greatly address the specific purpose why an instructional program should be developed in the first place. The second stage is design. During this stage, the learning objectives and training methodologies are carefully crafted based on the factors identified and analyzed in the first step. This step outlines the specific learning styles and the methodologies that should be implemented. The third stage is development, during which, the actual content of the learning materials are developed. This is also the time when the content of the learning module is completed, which will be used during the next stage. The fourth stage is implementation, the application of the developed learning materials to the actual instructional process. The last stage in the ADDIE instructional design is evaluation. During this phase, the quality and effectiveness of the instructional program is being assessed for future reference. The result of the evaluation will then be used as basis in deciding whether the same instructional design can be used for future programs or if it needs to be developed or revised. Evaluation can be done either formative, where each stage are evaluated as developed, or summative, where a structured test is designed based on identified criteria and user feedback are collected. Ideally, the ADDIE instructional design allows the development of a well-analyzed and well-planned instructional. Reference: Dick, W., Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th Ed.). New York: Haper Collins College Publishers.

Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God And Invisible Man Essay

Life has never been easy for African-Americans. Since this country's formation, the African-American culture has been scorned, disrespected and degraded. It wasn't until the middle of the 21st century that African-American culture began to be looked upon in a more tolerant light. This shift came about because of the many talented African-American writers, actors, speakers and activists who worked so hard to gain respect for themselves and their culture. Two writers were on the front lines of this movement, Zora Neale Hurston and Ralph Ellison. Their novels, Invisible Man and Their Eyes Were Watching God, probed deeply into the life and culture of the African-American, something that was practically unheard of. But not only did their novels shed light on the African culture, but they also shifted away from the traditional Romantic style of writing. Instead of focusing on religion or society, these novels focused on self-awareness, pride, and finding happiness. The merit of these novels pervades every page, but can especially be found in the themes, diction, and characterization. Both novels shared two similar themes: the pursuit of happiness and self-actualization. These themes had to be dealt with tenderly in an intolerant, white-culture society. Both Hurston and Ellison did this beautifully, in that their stories were not forceful nor preachy, but merely simple, candid tales of the lives of two ordinary African-Americans. Also, both authors refused to make their stories a fairy tale. At the end of each novel, neither Janie nor Invisible Man are as happy as they'd like to be. But, both novels focus not on the bittersweet end, but rather what the characters learned before they reached the end. Janie realized that her strength was in herself and her pride, with or without Tea Cake. And Invisible Man realized that "My problem was that I always tried to go in ... Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God And Invisible Man Essay Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God And Invisible Man Essay Life has never been easy for African-Americans. Since this country's formation, the African-American culture has been scorned, disrespected and degraded. It wasn't until the middle of the 21st century that African-American culture began to be looked upon in a more tolerant light. This shift came about because of the many talented African-American writers, actors, speakers and activists who worked so hard to gain respect for themselves and their culture. Two writers were on the front lines of this movement, Zora Neale Hurston and Ralph Ellison. Their novels, Invisible Man and Their Eyes Were Watching God, probed deeply into the life and culture of the African-American, something that was practically unheard of. But not only did their novels shed light on the African culture, but they also shifted away from the traditional Romantic style of writing. Instead of focusing on religion or society, these novels focused on self-awareness, pride, and finding happiness. The merit of these novels pervades every page, but can especially be found in the themes, diction, and characterization. Both novels shared two similar themes: the pursuit of happiness and self-actualization. These themes had to be dealt with tenderly in an intolerant, white-culture society. Both Hurston and Ellison did this beautifully, in that their stories were not forceful nor preachy, but merely simple, candid tales of the lives of two ordinary African-Americans. Also, both authors refused to make their stories a fairy tale. At the end of each novel, neither Janie nor Invisible Man are as happy as they'd like to be. But, both novels focus not on the bittersweet end, but rather what the characters learned before they reached the end. Janie realized that her strength was in herself and her pride, with or without Tea Cake. And Invisible Man realized that "My problem was that I always tried to go in ...

Assignment from readings

8-17 Fairfax Recreation Center (Internal Controls at a Fitness Center) The Fairfax Recreation Center is a neighborhood fitness center equipped with an indoor swimming pool, exercise equipment, and a running track. The Center is open seven days a week, from 8:00 A. M. to 10:00 P. M. Stationed just inside the front doors is a turnstile. An employee oversees access through the turnstile. Before anyone can enter the facility, they must either present their membership card or pay a $6 daily fee. When the employee at the turnstile collects cash for daily fees, he or she also has the visitor complete a waiver form. The employee then deposits the cash in a locked box and files the forms. At the end of each day the Recreation Center accountant collects the cash box, opens it, removes the cash, and counts it. The accountant then gives a receipt for the cash amount to the employee on turnstile duty. The accountant takes the cash to the bank each evening. The next morning, the accountant makes an entry in the cash receipts journal for the amount indicated on the bank deposit slip. Susan Porcano, the Fairfax Recreation Center General Manager, has some concerns about the internal controls over cash. However, she is concerned that the cost of additional controls may outweigh the benefits. She decides to ask the organization’s outside auditor to review the internal control procedures and to make suggestions for improvement. Assume that you are the outside auditor. Indicate weaknesses in the existing internal control system over cash admission fees and recommend one improvement for each of the weaknesses you identified. Organize your answers as follows: 9-15. Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a. Leslie Thomas, a secretary at the university, indicated that she had worked 40 hours on her regular time card. The university paid her for 400 hours worked that week. Apply a separation of duties control. The data processor will input the hours worked and that can be verified by the accounting manager for accuracy. Another control that can be added to this is to establish a limit in the AIS for total hours worked so that no value above that number can be inputted. This will detract from more hours worked being inputted in the first place. b. The aging analysis indicated that the Grab and Run Electronics Company account was so far in arrears that the credit manager decided to cut off any further credit sales to the company until it cleared up its account. Yet, the following week, the manager noted that three new sales had been made to that company—all on credit. Utilization of administrative controls would work in this instance. When designing the IS, there should be the ability to note an account for lack of payment and temporarily suspend the account until necessary action is taken. c. The Small Company employed Mr. Fineus Eyeshade to perform all its accounts receivable data processing. Mr. Eyeshade’s 25 years with the company and his unassuming appearance helped him conceal the fact that he was embezzling cash collections from accounts receivable to cover his gambling losses at the race track. The duel observation control and separation of duties would work here. Have two people document the receivables as they come in and have Mr. , Eyeshades reconcile the accounts based off of that. d. The Blue Mountain Utility Company was having difficulty with its customer payments. The payment amounts were entered directly into a terminal, and the transaction file thus created was used to update the customer master file. Among the problems encountered with this system were the application of customer payments to the wrong accounts and the creation of multiple customer master file records for the same account. The AIS should incorporate an unfound record test and also a check digit control procedure. This will ensure that the account number being entered is correct and that no other file has been produced. e. The Landsford brothers had lived in Center County all their lives. Ben worked for the local mill in the accounts payable department, and Tom owned the local hardware store. The sheriff couldn’t believe that the brothers had created several dummy companies that sold fictitious merchandise to the mill. Ben had the mill pay for this merchandise in its usual fashion, and he wrote off the missing goods as ‘‘damaged inventory. ’’ Ben does not appear to be a manager, so there should be a separation of duties with in the accounts payable department. The documents should be prepared by Ben, but should also be verified by a manger. There should also be internal audits that would bring to light any redundancies on approving officials or names within the organization. 9-16. Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a. A bank deposit transaction was accidentally coded with a withdrawal code. Feedback mechanism in the form of a receipt will identify this incident. The use of an edit test would check for b. The key-entry operator keyed in the purchase order number as a nine-digit number instead of an eight-digit number. AIS should have a check for the number of digits in that field. If the field is only 8 digits then it should be formatted not allow for anything more or less. c. The date of a customer payment was keyed 2001 instead of 2010. A feedback mechanism such as a payment slip/receipt would be used to verify the information. Also, a reasonable test would be appropriate to ensure that the date is not past a certain value. d. A company employee was issued a check in the amount of ? $135. 65 because he had not worked a certain week, but most of his payroll deductions were automatic each week. An edit test of sign†¦. meaning ensuring that the value was a positive number†¦. rejecting a negative value in the payroll system. e. A patient filled out her medical insurance number as 123465 instead of 123456. Edit test of reasonableness†¦the insurance number field would have to fall within a valid range of values to be accepted. f. An applicant for the company stock option plan filled out her employee number as 84-7634-21. The first two digits are a department code. There is no department 84. Unfound record test would work for this. If the master file is not found for department 84 then the master file would reject the transaction. g. A high school student was able to log onto the telephone company’s computer as soon as he learned what telephone number to call. The use of biometrics wouldn’t allow the student just to know a phone number and be able to log onto computers h. The accounts receivable department sent 87 checks to the computer center for processing. No one realized that one check was dropped along the way and that the computer therefore processed only 86 checks. A batch control document with a list of all the checks that need to be processed is appropriate. On the document will also contain a total dollar amount of all the checks.

The influence of technology on modernist and avant-garde architecture Essay

The influence of technology on modernist and avant-garde architecture - Essay Example After the liberal-national revolutions of 1848, there was the need to expand the economy of the colonial territories and to fill the political, military and economic conditions with the traditional European. This led to the development of cities in its suburbs. In addition, the decrease in mortality because of the improved standards of living in terms of nutrition and medical techniques in urban areas resulted in urbanisation. The increase in population in urban areas led to transformation of old neighbourhoods into slums as well as entry of jerry-built houses that would provide shelter to people working in the factories. However, the Housing of the Working Classes Act of 1890 and the slum clearance Acts of 1868 and 1875 were established to provide quality housing. As the construction of new houses for workers began, several architectural designs developed in order to produce engaging and beautiful buildings and improve the overall appearance of the urban centres. According to Conrad s (25), in organic architecture, the building, its furnishings and its setting and environment are considered as one thing. Furnishings such as tables, chairs, musical instruments and cabinets are said to be part of the buildings, as well. However, the heating, lighting or ventilation can be incorporated together with other features in the building or excluded. Conrads (25) argues that a human dwelling place should be a complete work of art that is closely related to modern life and fit for people to live. It should include harmonious entity, which is beautiful and suitable in providing the needs of the dwellers. An example of such a building is shown below. Winslow House in Chicago (1893) Conrads (95) states it is through the new evolving techniques that people are able to discover new materials and new ways to construct objects; hence, enabling individuals to learn how to design objects and develop a new attitude towards design. This includes the living environment of vehicles and machines, limitation of certain characteristics such as colours and they should be readily accessible to all. Additionally, they should be economical in terms of space used, time, materials and money. This can be seen in Gropius office (1932) as shown below. Bauhaus argues that the necessities of life are the same for most people. Additionally, he states that the home and its furnishings are mass consumer goods and their design is as a result of reason other than a matter of passion. Machines that produce such products use steam and electricity in order to help people from working manually when producing their daily needs as well as to provide them with cheap products that are better than those produced by hand. According to Conrads (96), Bauhaus workshops are laboratories that are suitable for production of mass products, which are well developed and can be improved with time. An illustration of Bauhaus workshop is as shown below. According to Conrads (96), the Bauhaus represents that the contrast between the industry and the crafts is less marked by the difference in tools used than by the division of labor in the industry, as well as the quality of the work in the crafts. The past crafts have changed, and new ones are expected to emerge in a new and productive industry in which they will carry out work for industrial production. The experiments in the laboratory workshops will produce models and prototypes that will be implemented in the factories to produce quality work. Moreover, the products that have been produced in the Bauhaus are also been produced in other firms with are closely related to Bauhaus. Some of the architectural features that describe a new building according to Le Corbusier houses designs include the supports, the roof gardens, the free designing of the plan, the free design of the facade and the horizontal window. For the supports, it is necessary to distinguish between the non-supporting and the supporting elements,

Post Partum Depression the Nursing Role Research Paper

Post Partum Depression the Nursing Role - Research Paper Example Various research studies have clearly identified the need of the role of nurses in using various screening tools to help identify PPD. Even practicing nurses have shown the willingness towards the idea of using counseling and other methods which can actually help mothers (Segre, O'Hara, Arndt, & Beck, 2011). More practicing nurses are willing to take active part and believe that nurse-led counseling should be implemented in order to deliver better health services to mothers. Nurses are considered as well positioned to at least provide screening for detecting PPD and helping other health professionals to deliver better healthcare services to the mothers and the overall family of the mothers. It has also been suggested that mothers and the family often hold certain expectations from the nurses in terms of their understanding of their condition and the overall experience a mother can pass through during PPD and childbirth. A nurse therefore needs to develop a certain degree of knowledge and skills where the gap between the expectations of family and a nurse’s real skills is filled. One of the key roles of nurses is to provide optimal health service delivery to mothers facing PPD. Nurses are required to obtain the knowledge which can help health professionals to actually distinguish between PPD and other mental disorders. Obtaining this information is critical because nurses need to make sure that the overall health service delivery provides optimal health solutions to the mothers. This is also considered as critical from the viewpoint of understanding other psychological illnesses after the childbirth (Beck, 2001). Nurses also need to have a very intuitive awareness regarding what can go wrong with the mothers and whether they may slip into another cycle of... This essay approves that one of the key roles of nurses is to provide optimal health service delivery to mothers facing PPD. Nurses are required to obtain the knowledge which can help health professionals to actually distinguish between PPD and other mental disorders. Obtaining this information is critical because nurses need to make sure that the overall health service delivery provides optimal health solutions to the mothers. This is also considered as critical from the viewpoint of understanding other psychological illnesses after the childbirth. Nurses also need to have a very intuitive awareness regarding what can go wrong with the mothers and whether they may slip into another cycle of depression or not. Nurses therefore need to have a very keen eye on the details and must also develop an effective rapport with the mothers. this report makes a conclusion that postpartum depression can be common and serious issue for mothers as its prevalence is relatively on the rise. Both the mothers as well as family can get disturbed due to the episodes of PPD and, as a result of this, family centered maternity care requires greater role of mothers and family in making decisions. A nurse’s role is critically important in understanding and gaining knowledge about the depression and how it can be distinguished from other psychological issues. Nurses also need to understand the socio-cultural background of the mothers while dealing with PPD as the overall response of nurses will be critical in this regard.

HRM Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HRM Innovation and Change - Essay Example strategic goals to maintain competitive advantage through reorganization and emphasizing on improved communication amongst the management and employees. He also ensured that new arenas were explored for innovation and new product development introduced for the pre-defined customers as per their changing requirements with competitive pricing. The given text has reaffirmed the need of managerial leadership that has become imperative to facilitate more accommodating approach to the changing dynamics of the organizational culture and management. The integrated approach promotes collective vision of the organization and provides the necessary impetus to the employees to strive towards it. The management needs to accept the challenge of creating a cohesive and encouraging atmosphere so that the workers could get effective learning environment. They are provided with a wider scope for professional growth in the area of core competencies. Indeed, with the global competition becoming increasingly stiff, the jobs specifications are becoming less rigid and changing the overall perspective of job criteria and employment. The compulsions of the present times require versatility in the working force. Individuals and firms must embrace the culture of multi skilled professionals that are able to meet the challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. The fundamental HR strategy must become more flexible for managing successful organization workforce. In the contemporary business environment, effective communication is essential for inculcating shared responsibilities, common goals and collective decision making. It can thus, be concluded that human resource strategy has become the most critical factor that develops the highly indigenous team of human capital that helps to provide the organization with a competitive advantage that is unique. HR initiatives are vital ingredients of managing change. The workforce is the backbone of an organization and the HR strategy needs

MDCM (B) Write Up Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MDCM (B) Write Up - Assignment Example It was found out most of these systems do not communicate well with each other because they are legacy systems and had different protocols to begin with. The key to reversing its alarmingly poor financial performance is to have modern business information systems that will allow key people access to information at the right time when they need it the most to create advantages ((Thompson & Strickland 204). A number of options are presently being considered by top management such as earlier attempts to re-align its corporate strategy by a pre-planning activity to produce a good profile of the firm (Sherman, Rowley & Armandi 163) that will in turn be used to produce analysis. A key finding by the top management through the newly-formed interdisciplinary IT Portfolio Management (ITPM) executive committee was to identify and then prioritize the important IT initiatives that need to be undertaken in view of its available resources, the time involved and the degree of importance of an IT project to the firm. Obviously, it cannot hope to undertake everything at once and so a system of priority has to be formulated to guide its decisions on which projects to fund. In other words, the adoption of an appropriate IT strategy has to be based on a projects relevance and urgency to separate them for what are merely important. This paper examines the various ways by which the ITPM executive team had gone about its task of selecting the best IT projects to be pursued based on a set of criteria it had set for itself with regards to evaluating competing projects that need funding from the limited but available resources at MDCM, Inc. It simply means some projects are urgent, some important and some necessary with varying degrees of chances of success during implementation. Also, not all the IT projects have the same time frames, some are quick to do and other projects may take a bit longer due to their complexity. The fast-paced

Fatal Vision Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fatal Vision - Movie Review Example This was a result of the inconsistencies found in the MacDonald evidence report. a. The investigators played a crucial in patching up the scene of crime and collecting the much needed evidence. As they go through the dead bodies they find blue pajama thread located in the master bedroom which entirely discredits the story given by MacDonald. In the pajama top there are also neat pictures, while the pathologist also finds out that in Collete’s hand there is a blond hair as well as a piece of skin on her fingernail. The investigators also found out other inconsistencies such as no splinters of the club and no threads in the living room where MacDonald claimed to have fought off the intruders as all these are found in the bedroom (IMDb, par. 6). The transcript that was prepared by the investigators is able to point out most of the inconsistent statements made by Jeff. a. The investigators made a mistake during the process of taking MacDonald to the hospital, they knock down a potted plant which they then stand it back up. This makes them to struggle in securing the original scene of crime as well as interviewing witnesses. The investigators arrive to find that some piece of rubber glove within the crime scene has been mislaid. The investigators also make a mistake when they create an incident by taking Jeff into custody so that they can get the hair samples as in the process an investigator manhandles Dennis. b. The investigators were also not able to follow through the types of knives that had been used in the scene of crime until Freddy came into the investigations. Knowing whether Jeff owned the knives was crucial for the investigation and they failed to trace all this. The father-in-law who was a retiree spent around 9 years without giving up trying to get evidence and prove that his son-in-law, who was previously worked in the army as a Beret Army Doctor, killed his two children and

HRM Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HRM Innovation and Change - Essay Example strategic goals to maintain competitive advantage through reorganization and emphasizing on improved communication amongst the management and employees. He also ensured that new arenas were explored for innovation and new product development introduced for the pre-defined customers as per their changing requirements with competitive pricing. The given text has reaffirmed the need of managerial leadership that has become imperative to facilitate more accommodating approach to the changing dynamics of the organizational culture and management. The integrated approach promotes collective vision of the organization and provides the necessary impetus to the employees to strive towards it. The management needs to accept the challenge of creating a cohesive and encouraging atmosphere so that the workers could get effective learning environment. They are provided with a wider scope for professional growth in the area of core competencies. Indeed, with the global competition becoming increasingly stiff, the jobs specifications are becoming less rigid and changing the overall perspective of job criteria and employment. The compulsions of the present times require versatility in the working force. Individuals and firms must embrace the culture of multi skilled professionals that are able to meet the challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. The fundamental HR strategy must become more flexible for managing successful organization workforce. In the contemporary business environment, effective communication is essential for inculcating shared responsibilities, common goals and collective decision making. It can thus, be concluded that human resource strategy has become the most critical factor that develops the highly indigenous team of human capital that helps to provide the organization with a competitive advantage that is unique. HR initiatives are vital ingredients of managing change. The workforce is the backbone of an organization and the HR strategy needs

Fatal Vision Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fatal Vision - Movie Review Example This was a result of the inconsistencies found in the MacDonald evidence report. a. The investigators played a crucial in patching up the scene of crime and collecting the much needed evidence. As they go through the dead bodies they find blue pajama thread located in the master bedroom which entirely discredits the story given by MacDonald. In the pajama top there are also neat pictures, while the pathologist also finds out that in Collete’s hand there is a blond hair as well as a piece of skin on her fingernail. The investigators also found out other inconsistencies such as no splinters of the club and no threads in the living room where MacDonald claimed to have fought off the intruders as all these are found in the bedroom (IMDb, par. 6). The transcript that was prepared by the investigators is able to point out most of the inconsistent statements made by Jeff. a. The investigators made a mistake during the process of taking MacDonald to the hospital, they knock down a potted plant which they then stand it back up. This makes them to struggle in securing the original scene of crime as well as interviewing witnesses. The investigators arrive to find that some piece of rubber glove within the crime scene has been mislaid. The investigators also make a mistake when they create an incident by taking Jeff into custody so that they can get the hair samples as in the process an investigator manhandles Dennis. b. The investigators were also not able to follow through the types of knives that had been used in the scene of crime until Freddy came into the investigations. Knowing whether Jeff owned the knives was crucial for the investigation and they failed to trace all this. The father-in-law who was a retiree spent around 9 years without giving up trying to get evidence and prove that his son-in-law, who was previously worked in the army as a Beret Army Doctor, killed his two children and

History of Christianity Essay Example for Free

History of Christianity Essay Both Christianity and Judaism came from the same God. Both Judaism and Christianity share the same Old Testament as our holy scriptures. The foundations of faith in God are rooted in the Old Testament, so also that of the Jews, for their history and their laws are all in the Old Testament. Moreover, the entire Old Testament was written by Jews. The New Testament was also written by Jews with the exception of Luke. Judaism is the name that men have attached to the formative stages of biblical faith (Old Testament) and Christianity is the name that men have attached to the completing stage of biblical faith (New Testament). Mojzes Swidler, 2002) Christianity as a religion was an offshoot of Judaism. It has been said that Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence, but Christianity needs Judaism both to explain its existence and what it believes. Hence, Christianity has also been termed historically as the Judeo-Christian faith. In the early years of the Christian faith, Christianity was regarded as just another sect of Judaism known as the sect of the Nazarenes. The early disciples and the 12 Apostles were all Jewish. Apostle Paul even took a Nazarite vow to prove to his critics that he was a Torah-observant Jew. The term Christians surfaced only in AD 42 when the disciples were first called that in Antioch. The term gradually was adopted to differentiate believing Jews from unbelieving Jews and over time, it became a separate identity altogether. †¦dont boast as if you were better than the branches! However, if you do boast, remember that you are not supporting the root (Israels forefathers), the root is supporting you (Church). (Neuhaus, 2001) The exact origins of the Jewish faith are hard to pinpoint, and most of what is known comes from the Torah, the five books that make up the Jewish holy text and are also part of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. According to the Book of Genesis, the father of Judaism was a man called Abraham, who lived between about 2000 and 1500 BCE (Christianity and Islam also claim Abraham as an important religious figure). Abraham was born in Mesopotamia and later living in Egypt, was the first man according to Jewish religious texts, to promise to worship one god, Yahweh. Abraham spread this faith among his followers, and led them to settle in the land of Canaan. Abrahams grandson, Jacob, was renamed Israel by Yahweh, and he fathered twelve sons, who led what would come to be known as the twelve tribes of Israel. These Israelites, according to Judaisms religious teachings, were taken as slaves into Egypt, and led out of slavery by Moses. Moses was a Jewish Egyptian, who according to Jewish texts spoke directly to Yahweh. The freed Jewish slaves were recorded to have wandered for forty years in the desert of the Arabian Peninsula before settling back in the land of Canaan some time around 1200 BCE. One of the groups displaced by the establishment of Jewish kingdoms was a group called the Philistines. The Philistines called their lands by the name Palestine, a name for the lands once claimed by the Jews. The term Palestine came from the Roman Empire, which renamed the area as a punishment for a Jewish revolt against Roman rule around 135 CE. The term Palestine had long been favored by those who did not recognize the Jewish claim to the area. Perhaps as early as the fall of Judah in 586 BCE, Palestine became a term to deny the political claims Jews made in the region. From the fall of the early Jewish kingdoms, Jews lived as a minority population in Palestine and the Middle East at large. Depending on who exerted control over the region, and how stern they were about expressing that control, Jews experienced varying levels of freedom and persecution. Under the Persians, Jews were allowed to return to the region and to practice their religion freely, and were accorded a great deal of respect. During this time, Jews built a Second Temple on the site of the First, which had been destroyed by Babylonians. Under the Romans, however, they fared poorly. They were allowed to practice their religion, but were asked to declare their political allegiance to the Roman Empire. When Jews revolted against Roman rule in 66 CE, Roman troops ransacked the city of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish Second Temple. Conditions for Jews became even worse after the Jewish revolt of 135 CE, when Roman troops killed or enslaved thousands of Jews and destroyed numerous Jewish villages. Jews were forbidden to enter the holy city of Jerusalem, and thereafter the Jewish population was centered in the region called Galilee. The conditions experienced by these early Jews had a deep impact on their worldview. Jews expressed the feeling that only under Jewish rule would their rights, including access to their religious sites, be protected. This brought them into much conflict with other people living in the region. The Jews worship of a single god made theirs a minority religious viewpoint in the region during much of the rule of the Roman Empire, but the spread of Christianity, the religion created by the followers of Jesus Christ (c. 4 BCE–c. 29 CE), soon changed the religious balance. Jesus was a man of the Jewish faith who offered new interpretations of the role of God and the need for individuals to devote themselves to God. His teachings challenged some of the Jewish beliefs and often caused civil unrest that challenged Roman rule. Around 29 CE, Jesus was arrested by Jewish religious leaders who suggested that his teachings were disrespectful to God and were causing civil disobedience among his followers. Jesus was brought before a Roman governor in Palestine named Pontius Pilate who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus, a form of execution in which a person is nailed on a cross and left to die. According to Christian religious teaching, Jesus later rose from the dead and ascended to heaven, taking his place as the son of God. Most of the accounts of Jesus life and teachings are found in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Their exact historical accuracy has long been a source of disagreement. Whether or not the man Jesus actually existed in the way the Bible states, his followers believed that he was the son of God, sent to give a message to all mankind. They created a religion based on his teachings. Though it was based on the Jewish faith and claimed one god, Christianity stressed the role of personal salvation acquired through the acceptance of Jesus Christ as the son of God. It was, like Judaism, a monotheistic religion. Unlike Judaism, however, Christianity was an evangelical faith, which meant that its followers dedicated themselves to converting others to their faith. Over time, Christianity gained many followers who embraced the religions single god. Sometime around 312 CE the emperor Constantine, who ruled over what was then known as the Eastern Roman Empire (which controlled over half of the Middle East), embraced Christianity. Constantine proclaimed Christianity as the official religion of the empire, which later became known as the Byzantine Empire. The rise of Christianity dramatically changed the role of Palestine. Like Jews, Christians revered the holy places in Palestine, and especially in the city of Jerusalem. Christians also made holy places out of sites associated with the life and death of Jesus. But sharing holy sites did not necessarily mean that Jews and Christians got along. According to Charles Smith, editor of Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Christians considered Jews to be rivals in Palestine, as well as a people who rejected Jesus as the savior sent by God. As a result, the Byzantines applied existing Roman laws limiting Jewish activities more rigorously and created new ordinances aimed at isolating the Jews. Though a monotheistic religion was now the dominant view, religion continued to be a source of conflict in the region. Christianity has one of the largest and most rapidly growing religious followings in Asia. The end of the Cold War and the Asian economic liberalization has encouraged both the flourishing of Christian evangelism and the rising prominence of Christianity in the public sector. There is a substantial shift in the balance of Christian populations from the North to the South. A few decades ago 70 percent of all evangelicals were in the â€Å"North,† primarily in the United States, today 70 percent are in the churches of the global South. The Catholic Church, which is projected to lose 20 million members in Europe in the first quarter of this century, will gain 100 million members in Africa, 50 million in Asia, and 140 million in Latin America. At the beginning of the 20th century, 81 percent of Christians were white. By the century’s end, that number was 45 percent.

Yin and Yang The Theory of Opposite Forces

Yin and Yang The Theory of Opposite Forces You may have heard of yin and yang and wondered what exactly they mean and how the theory explains how they work. Yin and yang are basically the meaning of opposite factors. There are two basic concepts associated with the theory of yin and yang: The difference of opposite factors in any system The relationships that exist between these forces. Yin and yang are complimentary to each other, and both are required to create and engage a positive environment. The normal and healthy existence of everything in nature relies on the enhancement and interaction of the two different forces. These forces can come in just about any element that has opposites. Some examples include: Day and night Summer and winter Work and rest Man and woman When there is an antagonistic kind of relationship between any of the opposites it can lead to destruction, but is because of opposite forces that the balance in nature is continually maintained. Yin nourishes and supports Yang and Yang supports and nourishes Yin. This relationship is dependent on the other, yet opposite and independent of each other. Opposites can hold each other in a balanced state and be able to exude control mutually. Everything in the world physically has an opposite. This theory applies to things as basic as having a front to things and a back. Birth is opposite of death, recession is opposite of an economic boom. In addition, the theory of yin and yang holds that there are not advantages present without disadvantages and there are not disadvantages that are present without advantages. Yin attracts the forces of Yang and Yang attracts the forces of Yin. The theory also holds that Yin gradually turns Yang and Yang gradually turns Yin.

Snow Falling on Cedars Essay -- Snow Falling Cedars Japanese Essays

Snow Falling on Cedars Everyone has experienced prejudice sometime in their life. It has been an undeniable force in society ever since history was recorded. Even the most open-minded people and enlightened organizations can be blamed as being prejudice sometime or another. However, prejudice always takes its toll from these people who form opinions beforehand or without any facts. The novel, Snow Falling On Cedars, take place during a time in which Americans are prejudice towards Japanese people. David Guterson’s novel takes place several years after World War II when hatred towards the Japanese filled Americans’ hearts from the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. During the time period from 1940 to 1955 there was evidence of this hatred and prejudice in internment camps and laws passed against Japanese-Americans. Snow Falling On Cedars has many parallels between the fictional prejudice in the novel and the factual prejudice of the time period. There are many examples of prejudice towards the Japanese from 1940-1955. These examples of prejudice were based on hatred from the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Discrimination towards these people came in the form of cruelty from our government and fellow Americans. One example of discrimination towards Japanese-Americans that came from our government was signed by President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. The President signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the Army to â€Å"designate military areas from which â€Å"any persons may be excluded.† Although Japanese-Americans were put into these internment camps, the words â€Å"Japanese,† or â€Å"Japanese Americans† never appeared in the order. Afterwards, on March 9, 1942, Public Law 503 was put into decree to enforce Roosevelt’s Execu... ...tim of discrimination. Since he was the same race as the people who were involved in the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kabuo never stood a chance at a fair trial. Works Cited "Children of the Camps Project." Internment History. . Public Broadcasting System. 1999. <http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/camps.html>. "Exploring the Japanese American Internment through Film and the Internet." National Japanese American Historical Society . 2002. National Asian American Telecommunications Association. 16 April 2002. <http://www.jainternment.org/ ww2/eo9066.html>. Guterson, David. Snow Falling On Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Tsang, Rocky. "Japanese Americans Internment in Arkansas." Arkansas Memory Project. 15 April 1999. University of Central Arkansas. 16 April 2002. <http://a sms.k12.ar.us/armem/tsang/INDEX3.HTM>.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault as Metaphysical

Meursault as Metaphysical Rebel in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚     Ã‚   The Stranger by Albert Camus was published in 1942. The setting of the novel is Algiers where Camus spent his youth in poverty. In many ways the main character, Meursault, is a typical Algerian youth. Like them, and like Camus himself, Meursault was in love with the sun and the sea. His life is devoted to appreciating physical sensations. He seems so devoid of emotion. Something in Meursault's character has appealed primarily to readers since the book's publication. Is he an absurd anti-hero? Is he a moral monster? Is he a rebel against a conventional morality? Critics and readers alike have disputed a variety of approaches to Meursault. I believe he is the embryo of Camus' metaphysical rebel as articulated in the philosophical essay, The Rebel. He is the man who says by his actions, "I will go this far, but no farther." In order to understand Meursault's rebellion we must first understand the nature of his personality as portrayed by Camus. The novel begins with the laconic assertion "Mother died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I can't be sure." His mother's death briefly interrupts the pleasant flow of Meursault's life, a life devoted to appreciating sensation. He loves the feel of a crisp towel in the washroom. He enjoys eating, drinking, and smoking cigarettes. He loves to watch the sea and the sky. Swimming and making love to pretty girls like Marie are his favorite pastimes, so much so that an offer of a job promotion in Paris does not in the least appeal to him. When something bores him or distresses him he simply goes to sleep, as he does on the bus to his mother's funeral and even in jail. He is a detached observer of life. Symbolic of this quality... ... noble act. Even we might be able to do that.    BIBLIOGRAPHY Bree, Germaine. Camus. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1964. Camus, Albert. The Rebel. New York: Vintage Books, 1954 Champigny, Robert. A Pagan Hero. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. Cruickshank, John. Albert Camus and the Literature of Revolt. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960. King. Adele. Camus. New York: Capricorn Books, 1971. Lottman, Herbert R. Albert Camus: A Biography. New York: George Braziller Inc. 1980. Masters, Brian. Camus: A Study. London: Heinemann, 1974. McCarthy, Patrick. Camus: A Critical Study of his Life and Works. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1982. O'Brien, Conor Cruise. Albert Camus of Europe and Asia. New York: Viking Press, 1970. Quillot, Roger. The Sea and Prisons. University of Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1970   

Communication and Social Work Essay

This essay will identify and discuss key communication skills in the context of social work practice. The importance of communication skills will be acknowledged by talking about three different skills of communication. The subjects discussed will be non-verbal communication, effective listening and questions, what these skills are and why they are important. It is essential for a professional social worker to hold effective communicative skills as one will encounter people from all different walks of life and the aim to treat a service user as an individual and enable empowerment is paramount to meeting a person’s needs. There is also the need to communicate effectively with colleagues, agencies, professional bodies and the accuracy of one’s communication is essential if the possibility of appearing in court was to be encountered. Communication within social work practise is essential in the way of addressing a person’s needs to enable improvement on one’ s quality of life. Effective communication can build trust, respect and self esteem and this can help a service user to becoming more independent. Good communication skills can also create psychological safety and aid a person to retain and establish links with friends, family and society. (Moonie, 2000). Buggins, Cornwall and Cunnane discuss that psychological safety is created in leadership so staff are able to discuss and raise issues that are of concern without fear (2013). Transferring this to the context of a social worker and a service user can enable the service user to engage in a more open conversation with a feeling that one is being viewed as trying to rectify mistakes instead of being seen as incompetent. There are different elements of communication and a distinct part is non-verbal communication, such as body language, how one dresses, timekeeping for example being too early or too late, touch, distance between people, eye contact and face expression. (Cooper, Lymbery, Ruch and Wilson 2011) Face to face contact with service users who are hard of hearing is particular important in reading one’s expression o f the face or lip reading. Also in this instance sitting closer and the use of touch may be useful and necessary to visually impaired people. On the contrary though as stated by Koprowska (2008) people with autism find face to face contact difficult and may not be able to judge expressions on a face and this may seem strange if it is unfamiliar to a person until some other way of contact is found. Another important part of communication is effective listening. As Rayudu (2010) puts forward,  effective listening is not an attribute that one is born with, but a skill that is learned with practice, experience and training. A guideline for effective listening is paraphrasing which is when the listener repeats what a person has said in one’s own words. The importance of this is to keep control over listening and ensuring accuracy. An equally important skill when effectively listening is mirroring, referred to in a training paper developed for the government, National Park Service (2011) which helps build empathy and trust. Mirroring is when a person’s verbal and non verbal actions are matched subtly. This can ma ke the speaker unconsciously like the listener as the speaker thinks that there are similarities between the listener and the speaker and that the listener is in touch with who they are. Listening skills come in to play when asking questions and the many types of questions that are asked are very helpful to retrieving information from a service user. Another aspect in order for the questioning to work is that a person must show that one is interested in the answer which is why effective listening as referred to earlier plays a big part. Trevithick (2005) There are different types of questions such as open questions, closed questions and leading questions or maybe the non use of leading questions. Although these questions can be helpful they can result in putting words in to a person’s mouth. Open questions result in broad answers and can result in an in-depth expression of thoughts, feelings and opinions and can be left up to the respondent as to how to answer the question. Hargie (2006). These questions encourage service users to talk more in-depth or deeply about any concerns. Opposed to the open ended questions there are closed questions which usually resul t in one word answers being given. These questions can be good for retrieving very specific information. Although these questions should be used carefully as stated in scie (2008) the service user may want to expand on an answer but maybe unsure of how to interrupt. It also limits information and may not give answers to information needed in order to learn about the service user. On discussing the different skills on communication this essay has shown why each skill is important when communicating with a service user or professional body. For a person to feel that they are being listened to and that what one says is not being judged or seem inept is paramount to realising concerns and not missing information. The skills are acquired through training and experience and are needed to get the fullest  and most accurate picture. References Buggins, E, Cornwall, J and Cunane, D.(2013). Create a culture of ‘psychological safety’. Health Service Journal. Issue 8th January. Retrieved from http://www.hsj.co.uk/resource-centre/leadership/create-a-culture-of-psychological-safety/5052550.article#.Um5qk3CG4-o Cooper, A, Lymbery, M, Ruch, G and Wilson, K. (2011). Social Work: An Introduction to Contemporary Practice. (2nd ed). Essex. Pearson Education Ltd Hargie, O. (2006). The Handbook of Communication Skills. (3rd ed). London. Routledge Koprowska, J. (2008). Communication Skills and Interpersonal skills in social work.(2nd ed). Exeter. Learning Matters Ltd. Moonie, N. (2000). Health and Social Care.(3rd ed).Oxford. Heinemann Educational Publishers. National Park Service. (2011). â€Å"Advanced Communication Skills Building and Maintaing Trust† : Module II, Part 2 – Cohort B : Consulting Skills Curriculum for HR Specialists. Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/training/tel/Guides/Adv_Comm_Skills_Trust_M od2_CB_Part2.pdf Rayudu,C,S. (2010). Communication. Mumbia, IND. Global Media Scie. (2008). elearning : Communication Skills, Gathering information. Retrieved at http://www.scie.org.uk/assets/elearning/communicationskills/cs04/resource/index.html Trevithick, P. (2005).Social Work Skills. (2nd ed). Berkshire. McGraw-Hill

Leadership plan

The Leadership Plan Project has caused me to carefully access my Leadership. I have observed my areas of weakness and strength in detail. In whatever we are doing whether it is leading a ministry or business the concept of servant leadership works best. It is not a strategy but a type of heart that Christ has formed in believers. Servant Leadership Constructs Agape Love: â€Å"This love leads to serve the best interest of others, Illuminating the corporate culture, and freeing the leader from self-doubt, self-criticism and self-imposed limitations (Patterson p. 2003). In terms of committing my time to those under my Influence I have done well, however I would say that sometimes I have an element of self -doubt, self-criticism, self-imposed limitation. I am learning that the more you focus on others the less time you have beating up yourself. Any time I attend to the needs of others; I am free in my mind and can believe God for anything. Humility: â€Å"Servant Leaders are not arrog ant, they see things from another's perspective and show appreciation and respect for leadership within the organization.The servant leader Is not Interested In their mage or in being exalted, they are more concerned about being accountable† (Patterson p. 6, 2003). In ministry it was a process learning how to be accountable. As a young adult minister we had meetings where team members would state corrections I needed to make. Through this process I discovered that leader should be the most humble on the team. Humility also gives you peace with yourself. Altruism: Altruism Is strong concern for the welfare of others. As an employee I have been on the receiving side where companies only concern is getting the work done.Very little concerned was shown to employees. However this experience taught me how to behave when I become a business owner. As a manager I must first care about the wellbeing of my employees before I approach the situation of getting the work done. Vision: Patte rson (2003) states that the servant leaders focus on the future state of the individual members of the organization. I am a strong visionary, I always Like to see where we plan on going before we take a step and move. I love seeing the big picture. There were times where I would share my Sino with my team members and it seemed that they were not entertaining of the vision.Followers usually want to know where they fit in the vision. Are they being uplifted in the vision? Those are self-reflecting questions I had to ask myself. Trust: This construct under the servant leadership concept is somewhat heartfelt to me. To know that Christ trusted me with his Son even when I felt I was Incapable of doing well has given me a deeper meaning of the word trust. I use to think that If I trust this person how I will be sure they wont fail. I have come to the complete revelation that o one is immune to failing. The human race is an imperfect race so why should I expect perfection.Empowerment: is e ntrusting power to others; actually it is giving it away' (Patterson, p. 8, 2003). I believe that this is the art of uplift others, making them see their significance. I once heard a statement saying: â€Å"followers are your assets†. I have taken It further to see followers as leaders under your care. Service: short staffed or someone needs help, the manager would put on her scrubs and get right to work. My pastor always makes a statement that there are no supervisors in he God's kingdom but only servants. That is the type of leader I aspire to be.I basically see it as what I expect from my leaders I should first expect from myself. Motivation Gifts Test and LIP Assessment Based on the responses you provided, we have computed the following scores for you (on a scale to 100 percent): The Perceiver: 40 % The server: The Teacher: The Encourager: 60 % The Giver: The Ruler: 75% Showing Mercy: 52% How the tests relate to me as a Leader The results about my motivational gifts confi rmed to me what I have been learning about myself. According to the results I possessed a gift strong in the area off ruler.I did not want to accept this because I saw this gift as road to arrogance. When I read the description I realized that a ruler is servant gift like all the others. The ruler is a visionary, organizer, administrator, and a gift that moves everyone towards the same goal. All of these describe the way I see situations. I was not pleased to see that I score fair on the serving gift. My plan is to develop myself in that area. The same feeling go for the mercy gift. The LIP explained a lot, on an average I score well. My interest is in my ability to develop cooperate relationships in the organization.As I make steps to start my own business I notice that the line between working and relationships is very thin. I scored an average 7 on this aspect. It is interesting because the servant leader constructs are pathways to healthy relationships in the work place. Strengt h I see my strength as being able to see the end point of projects and goals, my ability to commit to others and see the big picture. When I believe in a cause, I put all my energy and time into that purpose. I have openness to new things and thirst for adventure. Weakness I would not consider myself not to strong in the area of writing.It is sometimes difficult for me to adaptation to transitions that happened spontaneously. I also tend to over analyze situations people and circumstances. A man of God once told me that if you are moved by individuals' criticism you also be moved by their praise. Be dead to both! Balancing Work and Family 1 Timothy 5:8- â€Å"But if any one does not provide for his own and his household he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever†. In the area of work and family, the scripture teaches us that the wellbeing of your family is a picture of Christianity.Also 1 Timothy 3:5 states â€Å"If a man cannot manage his household how can he t ake care of the family of God† This means that family comes first. Even though I am minister, I am no less a son, a brother, a friend. According to scripture my work should not interfere to the point of losing my family. My Role in the Global Society I see my role in the society as a light shining in the darkness. My role is to use to provide a source of income to families. My role in the global community is to express Christ principals in the area of administration.My role is also to encourage others and help them see who God created them to be and be free from all self- imposed limitation. Personal Action Steps within the Scope of God's plan. Jeremiah 29:11 â€Å"For I know the thoughts and plans I have towards you, they are thoughts/plans of good and not of evil; to give hope and an expected destination† 1 . All plans come from God and I believe God places his plan in our heart in the form of ideas. My first step is to identify with the ideas I have in my mind. 2. Wr ite the ideas/ plans on paper. It is important for record keeping.

Activities for Building Student Character

Today, it is a topic to include character education in educational programs. According to Jakarta Post (May 22, 2009), character building is a missing link in the Indonesian curriculum. Among them, it is pointed out that the Indonesian curriculum focusing on students who passed the national exam had forgotten the core of education; this seems to grow people physically, academically, and spiritually It is to educate. Ironically, Indonesia is a country that can win the International Science Olympic Gold Award and is one of the most corrupt countries in the world (Wisnu, 2009). The framework of role construction such as six pillars developed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics will lead us to when to consider the role of students. The six pillars are based on several key criteria that allow trusted, respectful, responsible, fair, considerate, and citizenship, and that the students theoretically fully develop I will cover it. One thing is certainly the subject of school personality educ ation and student response, they will face exam questions, it is necessary Character construction will also occupy an important position. Textbooks are rewritten to create personality, nationalism, patriotism. All the students feel like Indians, and finally Indians. They are engaged in constructive activities and are asked to build a new India without poverty, dirt, and drowsiness. Sports and cultural activities are strongly encouraged. Athletes are caught young and receive intensive training to bring fair names to the country at various international conferences The paper If I become Prime Minister of India is 10th grade, 12th grade, and graduation class. Build a personality: If everything is constrained, students can not learn to think about themselves. However, we know that critical and creative thinking is an important skill in the modern knowledge economy. Students need to participate in practical activities, communicate with their colleagues, learn to cooperate, and raise citi zen's awareness. Paying excessive attention to preparing for exams may harm students and teachers. It leaves us a system that teacher's grades are based on the ability to pass a series of standard tests, not based on the actual student's grades. However, the modern working environment has little to do with standardized testing. It requires students to be effective communicators, creative problem solvers, and agile thinkers.

Physics (Electron Physics and X-ray Tomography) Coursework - 1

Physics (Electron Physics and X-ray Tomography) - Coursework Example gher than that of the photon attraction for the jump to take place from K-shell to the L-shell, loosely bound electrons from L moves into the K-shell to replace the ejected electron. When a lot of high incident energy are directed to an atom, many electrons are emitted and forms the x-rays. Bremsstrahlung is the process of slowing down primary radiatin; X-ray is produced by radiations when electrons are retarded or decelerated2.. The radiation becomes intense and attains higher frequencies with increase in energy of bombarding electrons. The colliding electrons shifts electrons from high-energy shell to low energy shells, the rapid replacement by electrons from outer shells create a clearly defined x-ray. The curve shown below was produced by analysing the nature of radiation produced by bombarding electrons from four distinct energy levels against a tungsten target. The graph is used to relate the intensity of x-rays emitted and the wavelength for accurate x-ray photographing. The figure above shows X-ray spectrograph when copper is used as the target material, the intensity of the photon have linear relation with the wavelength. The intensity rises to peak then starts to slope downwards; high accelerating voltage causes the peak to rise sharply, as shown by Kp, KÃŽ ±, LP and LÃŽ ±. X-ray tube functions as energy converting system that converts electric energy into x-ray radiation and heat. Heat3 is the undesired product of the process; the conversion takes place in x-ray tube. The components of x-ray tube includes The higher the amount of current the higher the intensity of x-rays emitted since more of electrons are displaced from the high energy levels. In the case above, 5mA produces much lower intensity of X-rays as compared to 100mA since the rate of electron displacement is high in the first case characterized by the high peak of 100mA current4. b) Attenuation by photoelectric effect result from interaction between Photons and Matter. Photons are

Psychology of communications (Visual communication is the most Assignment

Psychology of communications (Visual communication is the most persuasive medium in mass communication) - Assignment Example The mass element derives its basis from recipients of the media products which include within it the people from different segments of life and are essentially undifferentiated individuals living within a society or varied societies globally. Within mass communication, the visual form of communication is indeed the most persuasive form that could possibly be derived. This is because the visual form of communication encloses the art and design elements that are deemed significant to the human eye which in turns let the brain notice the said artwork (Vuruskan, 2011). Visual communication is all the more necessary to understand because it depicts a meaning which is different from others. It adheres to the policy of bringing about a solid notion of long-lasting effect on the minds of the audience. This indelible impression is one that does more good than any harm for the sake of mass communication and specifically for the field of advertising. It would be a fact if stated that visual com munication is the success criterion upon which communication ranks are based (Ritterbush, 2008). Within the fields of marketing and advertising, the aspect of visual communication has attained greater heights than any other field imaginable. This is because visual communication has exponentially increased the chances of making the product more visible and apparent to the end consumers. They feel satisfied that their product is coming along in a reasonable way and the extent to which success could be achieved as far as its sales dynamics are concerned is something that holds a great amount of value for the marketers and advertisers. It is because of such tangents that the discussion on visual communication has been greatly increased with the passage of time, and same shall be the case in the times to come (Bassett, 2006). What is most essential here is an understanding that visual communication does bring in the eye impressions when it is sought after the most. It also fathoms the fa ct that visual communication is the end result that a marketer or an advertiser would like to have, and which shall be the cornerstone of his success when he is about to sell a product or a brand to the intended target markets. How these marketers and advertisers shape up their communication message is now a totally different proposition altogether. How they fix in the right words, visuals and the combination of other aspects and features used in visual communication is something that paves the way for the perfect blend of all these factors – a fact that is understood in hand by the people who matter the most within the realms of marketing and advertising. Also the manner under which these marketers and advertisers are trying to get their respective messages across to the target audiences is something that paves the way for coining and developing the visual form of communication at the end of the day. One shall agree with the perspective that the communication which is facili tated in terms of visuals is indeed the one that has the most mileage and value. It is for this reason that the psychology of communications banks strongly on the premise of visual communication, a promise that delivers for the sake of mass communication in the long run. What is even more important is the fact that visual communication does not hinder in the light of the comprehension of the end