Refugees and Asylum seekers in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Refugees and Asylum seekers in the U.S - Essay Example The U.S has people from almost every part of the globe with the general population characterized of different races. The US operates under a motto â€Å"e pluribus unum† (Martin, 3) insinuating that from many nations to one nation and as such it is a well framed structure. Therefore, since traditional periods, immigration has been acknowledged in the U.S through providing the immigrants with opportunities to better themselves as well as the United States as a nation. The dominant immigration patterns have been noted since early periods of 1820 with statistics revealing a great influx of about 66 million legal immigrants from all over the world. Germany and Mexico has been in the lead for having high populations of immigrants to the U.S ever since. However, the country has also harbored hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants, which has in the past triggered quite heated debates of the fate of such persons. The search for employment and education has equally been associated with the influx of the immigrants into the United States of America over years. People move from one country to another for different reasons: voluntary on basis of work and employment, political reasons, family re-unification, natural happenings like disasters, need for one to voluntary change natural surroundings, poverty or for general economic reasons. Involuntary reasons may stem up from running away from natural disasters such as earthquakes, political or civil wars, involuntary deportation as well as seeking asylum as refugees. Asylum seekers are persons who get to foreign countries looking for protection against mistreatment or persecution within their homeland and who may not necessarily be refugees. On the other hand, refugees are persons who would be persecuted within their own countries of nationality on basis of their religion, race, nationality, political stand or opinion or better still membership to a social group. The U.S has been credited over years to work by a principle that restricts her to deport foreign nationals to their countries of orig in where it is proved that their lives or freedom is at a threat (Wasem, 1). Immigration is a common feature within the U.S, though there are guidelines and frameworks that are responsible for regulating the issue. Moreover, apart from internal regulatory frameworks that govern migration of persons as refugees or even asylum seekers in the U.S, there are international frameworks

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Methods - Essay Example A research survey done by Epstein, Barker, Vorburger & Murtha, 2004 showed that about 12%of people with this problem received integrated treatment. The treatment addressed two major concerns which were improving the reach of the clients in the hospitals by ensuring the services for treating the cases are available and two improving individual counseling, group counseling and residential treatment. However there are barriers to the integrated treatment such as lack of training and professionalism, finances issues and the organization itself that challenges the treatment of the substance and mental health. On the other hand Drake et al., Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005, New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003, tend to differ since he has come up with training attempts to overcome these barriers. Since the early 1980s problems of co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder have gradually been developed and tested.In the research there is a review regarding ty pes of interventions, problems limiting the research and suggestion regarding future directions of the research. Current research shows that at least three types of integrated interventions for drug use disorder are effective with these two groups: counseling contingency management and long term residential patients. The other integrated treatment such as the Group counseling are reliable on factors such as education, skills building and friends and family support while the contingency management integrated treatment check mostly on substance use and do not rely on factors such motivation from others and other processes which involve learning and understanding of things. Other interventions treatments never show effects on drug use but they lead to improvements of the other integrators this is according to Ledger, wood & Petry, (2006). The researchers have drawn positive reasonable conclusions such as in the studies of individual counseling which were based so as to motivate the ind ividual who was being interviewed. Eight studies were identified and then followed experiments which were mainly aimed on the outcome of the drug abuse. Four studies examined individual counseling and other three studies showed that substance abuse repercussions was unpredictable, (Baker et al., 2002a, 2002b; Hulse & Tait, 2002; Swanson, Pantalo, & Cohen, 1999. A single study of nine months was conducted by Barrowclough et al. (2001) and he documented some positive results but most of the experiments he conducted the outcomes of the drug abuse and other outcomes differences on substance use were not constant when the client was at his eighteen month of usage. The most recent studies indicate that group interventions are becoming more definite, standardized, and more effective. Bellack, Bennett, Gearon, Brown, and Yang (2006) came up with evidence that group counseling treatment have positive effects on those using drugs though one challenge they faced is that the patients must be wi lling to learn. Family intervention was aimed at improving the knowledge of the family members concerning the problems of the client and how they cope when the mental illness or substance abuse re -occur. A study was conducted for this and the results were positive but faded when interventions ended. Case management in this case means concrete work which is in build to improve